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<\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 U\u2013V \u0648V\u2013W \u0648W\u2013U. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n
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\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 U\u2013V \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.
\n\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Gian Transmission \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 BLDC<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627.<\/p>\n\u062d\u062f\u062f U \u0648 V \u0648 W \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\n- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 U\u2013V \u0648 V\u2013W \u0648 W\u2013U \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
![\"BLDC](\"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/bldc-kelvin-resistance-connections.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646.<\/em><\/p>\n\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 +I \u0648\u2212I\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0646 V\u208a \u0648V\u208b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n
R = (V\u208a \u2212 V\u208b) \/ (2I)<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n
\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u00bb. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 R_LL = 2 \u00d7 R_phase<\/strong>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n
R_U = (R_UV + R_WU \u2212 R_VW) \/ 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 U \u0648 V \u0648 W. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627<\/span><\/h3>\n\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 R_LL = (2\/3) \u00d7 R_phase<\/strong>. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a 3\/2 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 (Y)<\/td>\n R_LL = 2 \u00d7 R_phase<\/td>\n \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 (\u0394)<\/td>\n R_LL = (2\/3) \u00d7 R_phase<\/td>\n \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b<\/td>\n \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631”\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n
![\"BLDC](\"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/bldc-winding-temperature-equilibration.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/em><\/p>\n\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n
R_ref = R_T \/ [1 + \u03b1_ref \u00d7 (T \u2212 T_ref)]<\/strong><\/p>\nR_T \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 T\u061b \u0648R_ref \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 T_ref. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u03b1_ref \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a K\u207b\u00b9. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 0.00393 K\u207b\u00b9 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 20 \u00b0C \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a:<\/strong> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.520 \u03a9 \u0639\u0646\u062f 30 \u00b0C\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u00b0C \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u03b1_ref = 0.00393 K\u207b\u00b9\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a 0.520 \/ 1.0393 \u2248 0.5003 \u03a9.<\/p>\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Gian Transmission \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n
R_avg = (R_UV + R_VW + R_WU) \/ 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0645 (\u03a9) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0645 (m\u03a9). \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637:<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 (%) = [(R_max \u2212 R_min) \/ R_avg] \u00d7 100<\/strong><\/p>\n\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 U\u2013V = 0.504 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648V\u2013W = 0.498 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648W\u2013U = 0.501 \u0623\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0648 0.501 \u0623\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 0.006 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1.20\u066a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u00bb \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a U\u2013V \u0648V\u2013W \u0648W\u2013U \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642. \u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n
\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a BLDC.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n U\u2013V\u060c V\u2013W\u060c W\u2013U \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u03a9 \u0623\u0648 m\u03a9<\/td>\n \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/td>\n \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u061b \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n
\n- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a<\/a> \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/a> Gian Transmission<\/a> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635.<\/p>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a BLDC \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 +I \u0648\u2212I\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0646 V\u208a \u0648V\u208b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n R = (V\u208a \u2212 V\u208b) \/ (2I)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u00bb. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 R_LL = 2 \u00d7 R_phase<\/strong>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n R_U = (R_UV + R_WU \u2212 R_VW) \/ 2<\/strong><\/p>\n \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 U \u0648 V \u0648 W. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 R_LL = (2\/3) \u00d7 R_phase<\/strong>. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a 3\/2 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631”\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/em><\/p>\n \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n R_ref = R_T \/ [1 + \u03b1_ref \u00d7 (T \u2212 T_ref)]<\/strong><\/p>\n R_T \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 T\u061b \u0648R_ref \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 T_ref. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646.<\/p>\n \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u03b1_ref \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a K\u207b\u00b9. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 0.00393 K\u207b\u00b9 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 20 \u00b0C \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a:<\/strong> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.520 \u03a9 \u0639\u0646\u062f 30 \u00b0C\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u00b0C \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u03b1_ref = 0.00393 K\u207b\u00b9\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a 0.520 \/ 1.0393 \u2248 0.5003 \u03a9.<\/p>\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Gian Transmission \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n \u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n R_avg = (R_UV + R_VW + R_WU) \/ 3<\/strong><\/p>\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0645 (\u03a9) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0645 (m\u03a9). \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637:<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 (%) = [(R_max \u2212 R_min) \/ R_avg] \u00d7 100<\/strong><\/p>\n \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 U\u2013V = 0.504 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648V\u2013W = 0.498 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648W\u2013U = 0.501 \u0623\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0648 0.501 \u0623\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 0.006 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1.20\u066a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u00bb \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 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\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a<\/a> \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/a> Gian Transmission<\/a> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635.<\/p>\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a BLDC \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[169],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-169"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26316"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26318,"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26316\/revisions\/26318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gian-transmission.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Gian Transmission \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n
<\/span>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 U\u2013V \u0648 V\u2013W \u0648 W\u2013U \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 (Y)<\/td>\n R_LL = 2 \u00d7 R_phase<\/td>\n \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 (\u0394)<\/td>\n R_LL = (2\/3) \u00d7 R_phase<\/td>\n \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b<\/td>\n \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n U\u2013V\u060c V\u2013W\u060c W\u2013U \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u03a9 \u0623\u0648 m\u03a9<\/td>\n \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/td>\n \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n